ARTICLE SYSTEM OF HUMAN BREATH

ARTICLE SYSTEM OF HUMAN BREATH

Respiratory system in humans consists of tissues and organs which are the parameters of human health, if one of the human respiratory system is compromised then automatically all the systems operating in the human body will be disturbed and this clearly raises the imbalance of the human growth process. In the long term it will cause various penyakit.Oleh So I tried to give an overview of the process and the respiratory systems of the human body and their functions:The respiratory system can be divided into: 
- Respiratory Tract above; consists of parts outside the chest cavity: air passing through the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea.- Lower respiratory channels; sections contained within the chest cavity: the lower trachea and lungs - lungs.Organs and respiratory system in humans:- Accompanied by a pyramid-shaped root and foundation.- This section consists of:1. Nasal septum divides the nose into the left side and the right side is called the nasal cavity.2. Limited by external naris nasal cartilage.3. Nasal bone; forming a bridge and the superior both sides of the nose.4. Four pairs of paranasal sinuses; frontal, etmoid, maxillary, and fenoid. functioning relieve cranial bones, gives extra surface area on the nasal tract to warm and humidify the incoming air, produce mucus, and give resonance to the sound effects.5. The hair in the nostrils to prevent entry of dust.MEMBRANES nasal mucosa / nasal cavity- There nasal cavity in the skull, and separated by the nasal septum.- The top of the nasal cavity olfactory receptors that are composed of cells - the cells that undergo specialized olfactory u / sense of smell.- Nasal mucosa is ciliated epithelium with goblet cells that produce mucus.- Bacteria and particles from air pollution is trapped by the mucus and swept by the cilia toward the pharynx. Most of it will be swallowed mucus and bacteria would be destroyed by stomach acid HCl in sap. 
Pharynx- It is a muscular tube at the back of the nasal cavity and mouth and in front of the cervical vertebrae.- Consists of three parts, namely:1. Nasopharynx: the most high situated behind the nasal cavity. Its function is only an air path.2. Oropharynx: located at the back of the mouth, is a way for air and food. Stratified squamous epithelium Mukosanya form. There lymphatic network that serves to destroy pathogens that penetrate the mucosa3. Laringofaring: the bottom of the pharynx. Opening anteriorly into the larynx and the esophagus posteriorly toward. It is a way for air and food. 
LarynxSound box that connects the pharynx to the trachea. Short tube shaped like a triangular box and supported by three unpaired cartilages (thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottis) and three paired cartilages (cartilage ariteniod, kornikulata cartilage, and cartilage kuneiform)??. 
1. Epiglottis ad / cartilage at the top, someone raised the larynx during swallowing and epiglottis closes section peak to prevent food into the larynx.?? 
2. Laryngeal mucosa ad / ciliated epithelium. Mucosa cilia push mucus upward to throw and catch dust and microorganisms.Trachea* Is the air hose tube shaped and located on the anterior surface of the esophagus. The trachea extends from the larynx to the top of the lungs, where it branches into the left and right brokus* The trachea is open due to a series of allowances cartilage / cartilage (16-20 pieces) in the form (C) horseshoe* Trachea stratified epithelium lined with cilia to goblet cells,. Goblet cells are the cells that produce mucus and cilia function sweep particles escaped from the filters in the nose, toward the pharynx to be swallowed or spit or coughed.Branching bronchial 
1. Right and left primary bronchi is the trachea branches: one for each - each lung. Primary bronchi (main) right sized shorter, thicker and straighter than the primary bronchi. 
2. Each primary bronchus branched 9 to 12 times to form secondary bronchi which leads lobe each - each lung (three right, two left) 
3. Tertiary bronchus with a smaller diameter are called bronchioles. Bronchioles end in the distribution of the alveoli, the air sacs in the lungs.LUNG - LUNGPulmonary - lungs are organs pyramid shaped like a sponge and filled with air, is situated on both sides of the heart in the chest cavity and protected by a circular cavity formed by the framework of ribs and filled with air.- Right lung has three lobes; left lung has two lobes.- The lungs on the medial surface of the lung are masing2 hillus (root) which is where the entrance and exit of blood vessels bronchi, pulmonary of pulmonaryThe pleura is the membrane that encloses each lung coverings.- Parietal pleura lining the thoracic cavity (skeleton ribs, diaphragm, mediastinum)- Visceral pleura lining the lungs and parietal pleura is continuous with the lower lung.- Pleural cavity (intrapleural space) is the space between the pleura postensial parietal and visceral containing serous fluid that prevents friction and keep the two membranes remain together during breathing.Alveoli* Is a gas exchange in the lungs - lungs.* Composed of cells - type I alveolar cells, a thin layer of flattened epithelial to allow gas diffusion.* In the alveoli contained macrophages memfagosit pathogens or other objects that may not be wiped out by the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi.* Each alveolus coated thin layer of tissue fluid which is very important for the diffusion of gases, because of a gas must dissolve in the liquid in order to leave the cell. 
BREATHING MECHANISM- Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the alveoli.- Respiratory center located in the medulla and pons (part of brain)- Muscles - respiratory muscle is the diaphragm muscle and muscle muskuli interkostale eksterni and interni.Two aspects of ventilation are: 
1. Inhalation / inspiration

* Inhalation (inspiration) is the withdrawal of the air or other substances into the lungs - lungs.* Motor impulses from the phrenic nerve cord running along toward the diaphragm, which contracts and moves downward. Intercostal nerve impulses throughout the muskuli interkostale eksterni, attractive ribs upward and outward.* Chest cavity expands and develops the parietal pleura.* Visceral pleura and parietal pleura together with fluffy then develop lungs.* As the lungs expand, intrapulmonary pressure will drop drastically under pressure atsmosfer and air enters through the nasal airway into the alveoli. 
2. Exhalation / expiration

* Exhalation (expiration) is the process of blowing breath.* Impulse mototrik of the medulla decreased and the diaphragm relaxes and muskuli interkostale eksterni.* Chest cavity becomes smaller and compressing the lungs.* The lungs are elastic shrinks and compresses the lungs* When intrapulmonary pressure increases above teknan atsmosfer, air is forced out of the lungs until the pressure kedeua be the same again* In a strong exhalation requires the contraction of other muscles that contract muskuli interkostales interni pull ribs down and bring more air out of the lungs. Contraction of muscles - the abdominal muscles, like the rectus abdominal muskuli compressing organs - abdominal organs and diaphragm upward push that carry air out of the lungs.